In the case of identical twins, a single embryo divides into two completely separate and genetically identical embryos. Each embryo continues to grow and develop individually, but with the exact same genes as the other.
On an interesting side note: Children of identical twins are genetically as closely related to their parent's identical twin as they are to their identical twin parent. Genetically, both twins are the parent of the other's children. Also, their children are genetically half-siblings.
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You have the same chance as the general population. Identical twins are a genetic accident, researchers still don't know what triggers an egg to split making two embryos from one fertilized egg.
i say that identical twins are the least rare because like me a fraternal twin i only know 1 pair of fraternal twin.
Well, as an identical twin myself, I believe there is a one out of twelve chance of having identical twins, although, I'm not 100% sure....
Women who are themselves fraternal twins have a 10% chance of producing twins, identical twin women have only a 0.6% probability of having a twin birth.
I assume you mean twin prime. It is currently unknown whether or not there are an infinite number of twin primes in which case there would be no largest twin prime. The largest discovered is 65516468355 · 2333333 ± 1 (so the bigger of the two is 65516468355 · 2333333 + 1).