2 and 3.
12 = 22 x 3
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2 and 3 are prime numbers that are factors of 12. There is an infinite list of prime numbers that aren't.
Since 12 is a factor of 24, all of its factors, prime or otherwise, are common.
The prime factorization of 12 is 2 x 2 x 3. So, the prime numbers for 12 are 2 and 3.
Relative prime-ness requires a set of two or more numbers to share the same positive integer factors and no others. Since the number 54 adds the factors 9, 18, and 27, to the factors of 12, the two numbers are not relatively prime.
First, write both numbers as the product of their prime factors: 9 = 3x3 12 = 2x2x3 The next step is to identify any common prime factors. In this case, both numbers have 3 as a prime factor. Therefore, the HCF of 9 and 12 is 3.