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Yes, a whole number is in fact an integer.... For an example, 4 is a whole number as well as a positive integer....
Because any whole number, k, can be expressed in the form k/1 which is a ratio of two integers. Since it can be expressed as a ratio of two integers it is a rational number.
because an integer is a whole number. So the product must be a whole number.
Yes, rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers. Whole numbers is a slightly ambiguous term but usually means either positive integers, or all integers (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...) A whole number can be rational because 4 is a whole number and it can also be expressed as the ratio of two integers, in this case 4 and 1 example: 4 = 4/1 = 8/2 = 4
Look at it the other way - by reverting the operation. The reason it is not a whole number is because if it where, then the subtraction of two integers would be a fraction! If a + b = c (a is a non-integer fraction, b and c are integers), then c - b = a. You would have a fraction as a result of subtracting two integers. However, adding or subtracting two integers always gives you an integer.