Set up an equation for each condition:
x + y = 46
x - y = 16. Add the equations:
2x = 62; x = 31. Substitute 31 for x in one of the equations:
31 + y = 46
y = 46 - 31 = 15
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8,16
The two numbers whose sum is 58 and whose difference is 16 are 21 and 37.
2 and 1 .their sum is 3 .difference is 1
40 and 12.
Consecutive numbers are whole numbers whose difference is 1.