They are used in many and people who map the earth use complex formulas in map
projections. You can use a formula like (z-1)/(z+i) to bend straight lines into most
anything. See the LINK for an example.
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Imaginary numbers are used in complex numbers that make some math simpler like electronics where there is a cycle frequency it makes the math much simpler to handle complex equations
arithmeticgeometrytrigonometrymensurationalgebracalculusthere are 6 branches of mathematics
Mathematics is beautiful in itself. Back in the 1700s and later, mathematicians studied "imaginary" numbers (numbers that involve a factor of the square root of -1) knowing that they didn't describe anything "real", the way "real numbers" do. But when beauty can be melded to practicality, things get REALLY interesting. It turns out that you can use imaginary numbers and "complex numbers" (which have a "real" component and an "imaginary" component) to describe the way radiation and electromagnetic fields behave.
algebra? The unknown numbers of which you speak are called variables. "algebra" oxford dictionary definition = investigation of properties of numbers using letters etc as general symbolsAll branches of mathematics have the opportunity to utilize letters instead of numbers. This is called a variable and they are found in every branch of mathematics.
Two of the most important numbers in mathematics, pi and e (Euler's number) are both transcendental. Both are used in almost all branches of mathematics, and through that, in our daily lives even if you are not aware of them.