Improper calibration of the measuring instrument. If the measuring instrument is not at zero prior to measuring the object you will get a systematic error which, is a value either always higher or always lower then the actual value of the object.
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Systematic error is the result of complete equilibrium. The method to reduce systematic error is to introduce a proof that demonstrates the group has error in their consensus.
how to reduce the problem of random error and systematic error while doing an experiment
Systematic error is a constant or known:effects of the error are cumulativeerror is always positive or negativeAccidental error is a unavoidable error: effects of the error is compensationerror is equally like to be positive or negative
Bias is systematic error. Random error is not.
The scale doesn't start at zero, so you need to compromise or you get a systematic error.