a conjecture is disproved if it is shown to be false. this can be done by providing a single concrete example (e.g. with actual numbers, functions, etc) that shows the conjecture's premise does not necessarily lead to its conclusion. alternatively, a conjecture could be shown to be false (i.e. disproved) by demonstrating that IF it were true then a logical consequence would be a clearly wrong statement (e.g. 2 + 2 =5)
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Counterexample
The Poincaré Conjecture.
One possible conjecture is that their sum is 27. The conjecture is patently false, but that does not stop it being a conjecture.
My conjecture is that the sum is 67. A conjecture does not have to be true, or even plausible. You should be able to test it. If it is found to be true then in is no longer a conjecture, if it is found to be false, it is rejected - and so no longer a conjecture. If it cannot be proved either way, it remains a conjecture.
One possible conjecture is that each square number up to 1000 has 4 factors. The conjecture is manifestly false, but it is still a conjecture.