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A prism is a polyhedron - a 3-dimensional shape with polygonal faces. It has two identical and parallel polygonal faces that are "joined together" by rectangular faces. A prism whose bases are n-sided polygons has 2n vertices, n+2 faces and 3n edges.
No a pentagon is a single polygonal shape, A tessellation is a scheme for covering a plane, without gaps of overlaps, using multiple copies of the same basic shape. These are usually polygons.
Add up the surface area of each of the polygonal faces. There may be a short cut available if it is a regular polyhedron so that all the polygons are the same.
There are regular polygons (with 3, 4 and 6 sides).There are irregular convex polygons (with 3, 4, 5 or 6 sides). There are [irregular] concave polygons with various numbers of sides.
A prism. The name of the prism usually reflects the polygonal shape of the bases eg triangular prism or rectangular prism.