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'Y' is the luma or luminance component and UV are the two "difference" chrominance components that define a YUV color. You can think of the luminance component as the intensity of the color. The letters themselves do not each represent a particular word - think of them more like variables in a math equation. It looks like this:

U = B - Y (blue - luminance)

V = R - Y (red - luminance)

Georges Valensi came up with this scheme and patented it in 1938, and the broadcast industry adopted it. It prevented B&W TVs from becoming immediately obsolete when television switched to transmitting a color signal because a B&W TV could take the color signal and display the colors as shades of gray.

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Q: What do the U and V stand for in YUV formatting?
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