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The Hall effect refers to the generation of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when it is exposed to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow. The positive Hall effect occurs in materials where the charge carriers are positive holes (like in p-type semiconductors), resulting in a voltage that indicates the direction of the magnetic field. In contrast, the negative Hall effect occurs in materials with negative charge carriers (like electrons in n-type semiconductors), producing a voltage that reflects the opposite direction of the magnetic field. This phenomenon helps in determining the type of charge carriers in a material and is widely used in sensors and electronic devices.

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How do you check whether it is a n type or p type in Hall effect?

if hall voltage is positive then it is p-type & if it is negative then it is n-type semiconductor.


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because we have hall cofficient =1/ne. where the n=no of electron ,e=charge of electron. we know that "n "in metal is very large. so that R=HALL COFFICIENT" is very small FOR it .so we can not find sufficient result for hall cofficient so we use semi conductor which gives non zero hall cofficient.


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Hall resistivity is determined from the polarity of the voltage sum. If the sum is positive, the sample is p-type, if it is negative it is n-type.


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The Hall coefficient has the same sign as the charge carrier. The charge carrier in a normal electric current, the electron, is negative, and as a result the Hall coefficient is negative.


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The difference in the electron and hole mobilities is responsible for the small negative Hall coefficient of intrisic semiconductors. Refs: C.M.Hurd : Hall effect in metals and alloys R.Asokamani :solid state physics Busch& Schade; Solid state Physics


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