An independent variable is basically a variable that can be any number. The dependent variable is the variable calculated from the independent variable. For example, I do contract work where I get paid for every hour of work I do in a given week. If I work more hours, my paycheck is bigger. So in this case the number of hours I work is the independent variable (it can, in theory, be anywhere from 0 to 40 or more hours each week), and the dependent variable is the amount on my paycheck (it is a variable too, but it directly depends on the number of hours I worked).
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Dependent is usually used in probability.
It means that when something happens it causes another event to happen.
For example,
If there are three bags, 2 filled with apples and the other a candy,
and your friend were to pick one ( let's just say he gets a candy),
there will be two apples left so you will get an apple.
Because yor friend got a candy you will not be able to get the candy anymore, which lead to different outcomes.
Dependent Variable is the variable that its value depends on the values of one or more independent variables.
Dependent and independent and what scenario
The independent number is the number that determines the value of the dependent number. For example, in the equation y=2x, the value of y is dependent on the value of x at that point multiplied by two.
The range of a function is the set of values of the dependent variable (y) for which the function is defined.
An independent variable is a variable that isn't affected by something else. A dependent variable is a variable that's affected by changes in the independent variable.
In math, dependent isn't a particular sign in front of it, it just means that it depends on something else :P