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the amount by which a single measurement differs from a fixed value such as the mean.
yes
It means the same as in everyday use. It means unchanging, unvarying. Fixed. So for example the speed of light in a vacuum is called a universal constant because it is a fixed value. It is the opposite of a variable (something that changes).
The first step is to find out what the deviation is from: the mean, median, some other fixed value. Whatever it is, call it m.For each observation x, calculate the absolute deviation, which is x - m or m - x, whichever is positive or zero. Finally, calculate the mean value (arithmetic average) of this set.
In an arithmetic series, each term is defined by a fixed value added to the previous term. This fixed value (common difference) may be positive or negative.In a geometric series, each term is defined as a fixed multiple of the previous term. This fixed value (common ratio) may be positive or negative.The common difference or common ratio can, technically, be zero but they result in pointless series.