That it can be expressed as a ratio (hence rational) of two integers, the denominator being positive.
In decimal representation, it is a necessary and sufficient condition that the number can be expressed as either a terminating decimal or one that becomes a recurring decimal after a finite number of digits.
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A rational number is one that has an ending.
It is neither but if you mean the square root of 100 then it is 10 which is a rational number
If you mean 213 then it is a rational number because all integers or whole numbers are rational numbers.
1.5 is a rational number as it is. If you mean expressing it as a ratio: try 3/2
0.3 is a rational number. The fact that it is expressed as a decimal does not mean it is not rational. As a ratio, it can be written as 3/10.