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If the second hand is on a number, you multiply that number by five, and that's the number of seconds. If it's on one of the little marks between numbers, multiply the number it was on most recently by five, then add the number of marks it's passed between the last and next numbers.
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A number line.
In Ancient Rome, tally marks were used one at a time to represent numbers. It wasn't until later that numbers were instituted to represent numbers to make large numbers shorter.
The word 'number' comes from Latin word ' numerus' meaning a quatityt. Various marks on bones/wood etc., are thought to be 'tally marks' from 40,000 years ago. Our modern number symbols of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, are Arabic in origin.