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How is variance used to measure risk?
In finance, risk of investments may be measured by calculating the variance and standard deviation of the distribution of returns on those investments. Variance measures how far in either direction the amount of the returns may deviate from the mean.
How is this relevant to marketing Assume the frequency that a household purchases milk per year is a normal distribution with a mean of 12. Over time the mean stays the same but the variance decreases?
It should make marketing easier because the amount purchased has a smaller variance. This means that the numbers are closer to 12 and so there is less of a need to carry large stocks for when the demand is high.
Advantages of variance analysis?
As you may know that variance analysis is intrinsically connected with planned and actual results and effects of the difference between those two on the performance of the entity or company. This variance analysis can lead to the identification of certain types of task that frequently overrun their budget whilst other tasks may be seen to regularly come in under their budget. Occurrences such as these require further investigation in order to identify potential efficiency gains. The major problem with a variance analysis approach to project monitoring is the amount of time it takes to establish actual costs. On the majority of large projects, supported by a typical accounts department, there will be a time lag of around 6 weeks before spend information can be accurately reported. The shortcomings and disadvantages of VA can be addressed below: The monitoring cycle can be so long that it renders the application of control impossible. Typically, by the time a problem has been identified through variance analysis it is too late to take corrective action. This is a major shortcoming of variance analysis and highlights the need for a monitoring system that depicts the current status of the project more effectively.
What is the Difference between favourable and adverse variance?
At the start of fiscal period every organisation prepares budgets for the coming period and then use the same estimated budget at the end of fiscal year to evaluate the performence in the fiscal year. When actuall amount for any activity is utilized less then the budgeted amount estimated for the same activity at the start of the fiscal year and perform the same activity accurately as estimated at start of period with less amount then it is called favourable variance and vice versa.
How do you explain the analysis of variance assuming that your audience has not had a statistic class before?
The measurement of any statistical variable will vary from one observation to another. Some of this variation is systematic - due to variations in some other variable that "explains" these variations. There may be several such explanatory variables - acting in isolation or in conjunction with one another. Finally, there will be a residual variation which cannot be explained by any of these "explanatory" variables. The statistical technique called analysis of variance first calculates the total variation in the observations. The next step is to calculate what proportion of that variation can be "explained" by other variables, and finding the residual variation. A comparison of the explained variation with the residual variation is an indicator of whether or not the amount explained is statistically significant. The word "explain" is in quotes because there is not always a causal relationship. The causality may go in the opposite direction. Or the variables may be related to another variable that is not part of the analysis.
