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n3 + 2n2 - 15n = 0 : extract n as a factor of all the left hand terms then, n(n2 + 2n - 15) = 0 : the expression n2 + 2n - 15 can be factored as (n + 5)(n - 3) then, n(n + 5)(n - 3) = 0 : This holds true when either n = 0, or n + 5 = 0 or n - 3 = 0 When n + 5 = 0 then n = -5 : When n - 3 = 0 then n = 3. The solutions are n = 0 or n = -5 or n = 3.
The sequence is too short for a definitive answer. One possibility is Un = n2 - 2n + 2 for n = 1, 2, 3, ... another is Un = (n3 - n + 6)/6 or Un = (n3 - 3n2 + 5)/3 There are many more.
2n/5 or (2/5)*n
If x is the smallest odd integer, then x = 2n + 1 for some integer n. Then the next two odd integers are 2n + 3 and 2n + 5 So the question then becomes: 2n+1 + (2n+3) + (2n+5) = 45 or 6n + 9 = 45 to be solved for n and thence the smallest of the three consecutive odd integers.
Combine like terms to give 3n + 2