Archimedes.
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Greek mathematician and engineer Archimedes
A famous Babylon mathematician is from the Middle East
Archimedes
Actually, it is not what but who. The famous mathematician that cried Eureka is Archimedes. He proved that an object plunged into liquid becomes lighter by an amount equal to the weight of liquid it displaces; popular tradition has it that Archimedes made the discovery when he stepped into the bathtub, then celebrated by running through the streets shouting "Eureka!" ("I have found it!").
Blaise Pascal