18Roman Numeral Decimali 1ii 2iii 3iv 4v 5vi 6vii 7viii 8ix 9x 10xx 20xxx 30xviii = 10 + 5 + 3 = 18
MM = 2000MMM = 3000C = 100CC = 200CCC = 300CD = 400D = 500DC = 600DCC = 700DCCC = 800CM = 900X = 10XX = 20XXX = 30XL = 40L = 50LX = 60LXX = 70LXXX= 80XC = 90I = 1II = 2III = 3IV = 4V = 5VI = 6VII = 7VIII = 8IX = 9Using combinations of these numerals you can make any number from 1 up to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX). For example... DCLXVI (666) MCMLXXII (1972) MDLV (1555) and MDCCCLXXXVIII (1888).
Roman Numerals Variations and WhyIt's said, that in Roman times, they didn't use IV for 4, because IV are the first two letters of the name of their king of the gods, Iupiter (IVPITER, as it was written). There are some clocks and sundials with 4 represented as IIII and some with IV.This isn't just a clocks thing. Both methods of writing Roman numerals have been in use since the 1500s, possibly longer. Clock makers choose whichever number they feel is more aesthetically appealing and they often go with IIII because it balances better with VIII on the other side and makes the clock look more symmetrical. By the same token they use IX and not VIIII for 9 because it matches the III on the other side better.Physicians traditionally use Roman numerals in lower case to specify the number of doses in a prescription. The lower case four(4) is usually written as iv, however, it can also be expressed as iiii - the explanation pharmacists often give, is they just count the dots on top - in other words, iiii instead of iv is for clarity. Perhaps more believable would be that it avoids confusion with the abbreviation "IV", which means intravenous, which could lead to a dangerous wrong drug administration route.Strict Roman NumeralsRoman Numerals never put more than three of any numeral together in a number (at least not in a strict sense). So you would count I, II, III, and then by placing a smaller numeral in front of a larger one, you would subtract; IV is 1 taken from 5, and so on. I 1II 1+1III 1+1+1IV -1+5V 5VI 5+1VII 5+1+1VIII 5+1+1+1IX -1+10X 10XI 10+1XII 10+1+1XIII 10+1+1+1XIV 10-1+5XV 10+5XVI 10+5+1XVII 10+5+1+1XVIII 10+5+1+1+1XIX 10-1+10XX 10+10...Using above rules:MCMLXIV 1000-100+1000+50+10-1+5 = 1964Here is the Roman way of writing 1964:MCMLXIV 1000+(1000-100)+(50+10)+(5-1) = 1964M CM LX IVAs you can see, Romans had to be very good at adding and subtracting!Not using above rules:MDCCCCLXIIII 1000+500+100+100+100+100+50+10+1+1+1+1 1964We can see how Roman Numerals get really long as the numbers get larger and by using four of a given numeral the numbers get even more long (which makes Roman Numerals less useful).
In China by Bi Sheng in around year 10xx.
@ 1952-3
10x2 = 40xx = 40x ÷ 10xx = 4
Here is a partial list:Each item on the partial list can be written as [ 1.6xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx times 10xx ],where each 'x' is any digit you want, 0 to 9.
18Roman Numeral Decimali 1ii 2iii 3iv 4v 5vi 6vii 7viii 8ix 9x 10xx 20xxx 30xviii = 10 + 5 + 3 = 18
If you have already contacted Browning there is not much else you can do. Records from 1931-1939, which your sn falls in, are not available.
We are going to ASSUME from the barrel markings you undoubtedly copied that this is the Savage Model 40. Without knowing the condition of the rifle, we cant get more specific to value than the range of $150-$450. Digital pictures would be helpful. There was also a 'Super' version, with checkering, etc. Brings a little more money. sales@countrygunsmith.net
MM = 2000MMM = 3000C = 100CC = 200CCC = 300CD = 400D = 500DC = 600DCC = 700DCCC = 800CM = 900X = 10XX = 20XXX = 30XL = 40L = 50LX = 60LXX = 70LXXX= 80XC = 90I = 1II = 2III = 3IV = 4V = 5VI = 6VII = 7VIII = 8IX = 9Using combinations of these numerals you can make any number from 1 up to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX). For example... DCLXVI (666) MCMLXXII (1972) MDLV (1555) and MDCCCLXXXVIII (1888).
Why isn’t there a 14XX Carbon Steel? What would it be? Introduction Carbon steel is a versatile and widely used material in various industries, known for its strength, durability, and affordability. The SAE-AISI (Society of Automotive Engineers-American Iron and Steel Institute) numbering system categorizes different steel alloys based on their composition. However, you might have noticed a curious gap in the numbering sequence: there's no 14XX carbon steel. In this article, we'll delve into the reasons behind this absence and explore what a hypothetical 14XX carbon steel might be like. Understanding Carbon Steel Carbon steel is primarily composed of iron and carbon, with the carbon content playing a crucial role in determining the steel's properties. The numbering system classifies carbon steels into categories such as the 10XX series, which includes popular grades like 1018 and 1045. These numbers provide insight into the steel's composition and characteristics. Carbon Steel Numbering System The SAE-AISI numbering system serves as a shorthand for understanding steel types. In the 10XX series, the first two digits indicate the carbon content percentage. For instance, in 1045 steel, the "10" signifies a carbon content of about 0.45%. This system helps engineers and manufacturers quickly assess a steel's properties. Exploring 10XX Carbon Steels The 10XX series encompasses a range of carbon steels, each with distinct properties. For instance, 1018 contains low carbon content, making it easy to shape and weld, while 1045 offers greater strength due to its higher carbon content. These steels find applications in construction, manufacturing, and more. Gap in the Numbering Sequence Oddly, there's no 14XX carbon steel in the numbering system. This gap prompts questions about the reasons behind its absence. One key factor is that the numbering system focuses on round percentages of carbon content, making room for incremental variations in properties. Carbon Content and Alloying Elements Carbon content significantly affects steel properties. Higher carbon content generally leads to increased hardness and strength. Additionally, alloying elements like manganese, chromium, and nickel can be added to achieve specific characteristics, such as corrosion resistance or increased toughness. Potential Characteristics of 14XX Carbon Steel While there isn't a documented 14XX carbon steel, we can speculate about its characteristics. With a higher carbon content than the 10XX series, it might offer exceptional hardness and wear resistance. This could make it suitable for applications requiring abrasion resistance, such as cutting tools or machinery parts. Challenges in Creating 14XX Carbon Steel Designing a 14XX carbon steel comes with challenges. Achieving specific properties while maintaining processability and cost-effectiveness requires meticulous control over alloying elements and heat treatment processes. The resulting steel must balance hardness with other crucial factors like ductility. Metallurgical Considerations Metallurgy plays a pivotal role in steel design. Heat treatment processes, including quenching and tempering, influence the steel's microstructure and properties. Achieving consistent results in manufacturing becomes more complex as the carbon content increases. Alternative Alloys and Steels In the absence of a 14XX carbon steel, other steel alloys fill the gap. Alloys like 4140 and 4340 offer excellent strength and wear resistance. Their numbering might not follow the 14XX pattern, but they exemplify how alloying elements contribute to diverse steel properties. Historical Context and Evolution The development of steel alloys has a rich history. From the earliest iron smelting to modern steel production, advancements in metallurgy have led to superior materials. This evolution is a result of understanding how composition affects steel behavior. Modern Steel Applications Carbon steel finds application in numerous sectors. From construction and automotive to manufacturing and infrastructure, its versatility shines. Proper alloy selection is crucial to meet specific demands, highlighting the importance of understanding steel properties. Speculation on Future Developments The world of steel is ever-evolving. As technology advances and industries demand new materials, the creation of a 14XX carbon steel becomes a possibility. Engineers might one day craft alloys that address emerging challenges with enhanced precision. Conclusion While the absence of a 14XX carbon steel is notable, it underscores the complexity of alloy design. The SAE-AISI numbering system provides a structured approach to categorizing steels, but it also highlights the challenge of accommodating every potential alloy variation. As industries evolve, so does the potential for new steel alloys that push the boundaries of what's possible.
Roman Numerals Variations and WhyIt's said, that in Roman times, they didn't use IV for 4, because IV are the first two letters of the name of their king of the gods, Iupiter (IVPITER, as it was written). There are some clocks and sundials with 4 represented as IIII and some with IV.This isn't just a clocks thing. Both methods of writing Roman numerals have been in use since the 1500s, possibly longer. Clock makers choose whichever number they feel is more aesthetically appealing and they often go with IIII because it balances better with VIII on the other side and makes the clock look more symmetrical. By the same token they use IX and not VIIII for 9 because it matches the III on the other side better.Physicians traditionally use Roman numerals in lower case to specify the number of doses in a prescription. The lower case four(4) is usually written as iv, however, it can also be expressed as iiii - the explanation pharmacists often give, is they just count the dots on top - in other words, iiii instead of iv is for clarity. Perhaps more believable would be that it avoids confusion with the abbreviation "IV", which means intravenous, which could lead to a dangerous wrong drug administration route.Strict Roman NumeralsRoman Numerals never put more than three of any numeral together in a number (at least not in a strict sense). So you would count I, II, III, and then by placing a smaller numeral in front of a larger one, you would subtract; IV is 1 taken from 5, and so on. I 1II 1+1III 1+1+1IV -1+5V 5VI 5+1VII 5+1+1VIII 5+1+1+1IX -1+10X 10XI 10+1XII 10+1+1XIII 10+1+1+1XIV 10-1+5XV 10+5XVI 10+5+1XVII 10+5+1+1XVIII 10+5+1+1+1XIX 10-1+10XX 10+10...Using above rules:MCMLXIV 1000-100+1000+50+10-1+5 = 1964Here is the Roman way of writing 1964:MCMLXIV 1000+(1000-100)+(50+10)+(5-1) = 1964M CM LX IVAs you can see, Romans had to be very good at adding and subtracting!Not using above rules:MDCCCCLXIIII 1000+500+100+100+100+100+50+10+1+1+1+1 1964We can see how Roman Numerals get really long as the numbers get larger and by using four of a given numeral the numbers get even more long (which makes Roman Numerals less useful).