The number of elementary entities in a mole of the substance.
The elementary entities depends on the particles making up the substance. For example, argon is made of single atoms, so a mole of argon simply contains Avogadro's number of atoms.
Water, on the other hand, is made of molecules, so a mole of water contains Avogadro's number of molecules. Now each water molecule, H2O, contains 3 atoms so a mole of water contains 3xAvogadro's number of atoms.
Sodium chloride, NaCl, is made of sodium and chloride ions, in a ratio of 1:1. So a mole of sodium chloride contains Avogadro's number of sodium ions, and Avogadro's number of chloride ions. A mole of sodium chloride therefore contains 2xAvogadro's number of ions in total.
The number comes from the number of carbon atoms in 12g of carbon-12.
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atoms in 12 g of c-12
The unit is "per mole", or mol^-1.
Avogadro's number represents the number of units of a substance in one mole of the substance. These units may be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the substance.
A mole of any substance has the Avogadro's number of such units. As an example, a mole of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to 6.022 x 1023 atoms.
By saying Avogadro's number of atoms, you are saying one mole (or 6.02 × 1023 atoms). And one mole of any elements is its atomic mass. Phosphorus' atomic mass is 31.0 grams