It relates the energy of a particle to it's mass. So, if you were to convert 1kg of material into pure energy, the energy you would get out would be calculated using E = mc2.
However, this is just the simplified version for a particle that isn't moving. If the particle is moving with a momentum p, then the full formula is used: E2 = p2c2 + m2c4.
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That equation is the equation that Albert Einstein came up with to describe how to calculate the speed of light. E = energy m = mass c = speed of light
it is Albert Einsteins most famous formula
Scientists used it to develop Nuclear Power
A re-writing of Einsteins famous equation is E = mc2 Wherre E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light (so c2 is the square of the speed of light)
Albert Einstein.Except that the equation was e = mc2