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The earliest known pie chart is generally credited to William Playfair's Statistical Breviary of 1801.
Stack plot.
The line of best fit is found by statistical calculations which this site is too crude for. Look up least squares regression equation if you really wish to follow up. The slope of a graph is the slope of the tangent to the graph curve at the point in question. If the function of the graph is y = f(x) then this is the limit, as dx tends to 0, of [f(x + dx) - f(x)]/dx.
In general, it is impossible. You could try putting together a data set using as many of the points as possible from the graph. Then try various regressions. You may have to perform transformations on the data if the function rule is not straightforward. This could require some very high level statistical techniques. You could be lucky and the graph is a straight line!
A statistical organisation does comparing probability.A statistical organisation does comparing probability.A statistical organisation does comparing probability.A statistical organisation does comparing probability.