The decimal equivalent would be 65
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The idea is to define groups of bits as representing specific letters. One commonly used system is the ASCII encoding, which uses groups of 8 bits. Here, the letter "A" (uppercase "A") is encoded as 01000001 (decimal 65), "B" as 01000010 (decimal 66), "C" as 01000011 (decimal 67), etc. Of course, other encodings are possible, and other encodings are, indeed, used.
A Dewey Decimal Code is commonly used in libraries as a method of classifying books. It is merely one popular code for this atsk - I think the Library of Congress uses a different system.
In Excel it is the "code" function. For example, Code("A") = 65
1000011
In hexadecimal, that would be 0x2E, which is equivalent to 46 in decimal, which in binary is 101110.