A group of twelve things is called a dozen.
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The English word "dozen" is derived from the French "douzaine", meaning "a group of twelve things". Similar words exist in French for "quinzaine" (a group of 15), "vingtaine" (20) and "centaine" (100), though these do not have English equivalents.
Those things are called crayfish with 12 legs and a exoskeleton .
If, by "equal groups", you mean groups of equal things, you get how many in all [the total number] by simply addingthem all together. Sometimes adding is called summation.If, by "equal groups", you mean equal-sized groups of things, you get how many in all by multiplying the number of groups by the number of things in each member group.The number of things in a group is also called its cardinality. Loosely, cardinality is the size of the group, or the number of elements ["things"] in the group.
a group of 16 bits is called a "word"
Quintets, quintuplets