An infinitive phrase will begin with an infinitive [to + simple form of the verb]. It will include objects and/or modifiers.
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buzz lightyear
I think the phrase is "a line that tends towards infinity", but I'm not sure.
Infinity is not "the" number symbol. It is simply a symbol that represent the limit of very large numbers and saves people from having to write that long phrase every time.
The Latin phrase is ad infinitum, and it means that something goes on and on and on. In other words, the same as "etcetera", or "and so on".
The smallest single digit whole number, i.e. integer, is -9. The phrase whole number should not be confused with the natural numbers, integers that go from 1 to +infinity. A whole number is any number that is in the set of integers, that is, the group of integers ranging from -infinity to +infinity.