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An arc (segment of a circle) has one straight side, and one curved side.
That would be called a right triangle!
A triangle with 2 equal side lengths is called an isosceles triangle.
Perpendicular bisector.
No. Angles don't have anything called a side length. However, one can use trigonometry to compute the angles of a triangle based on the side lengths of the triangle (triangles do have side lengths).
It would technically still be a triangle but not as most people would see it a semicircle that instead of having one flat side and one curved then one curved and two pointy a bit like a normal triangle but with a curved bottom. TROLOLOLOLOLOL
An arc (segment of a circle) has one straight side, and one curved side.
In a right triangle (a triangle where one of the angles is exactly 90 degrees) , the longest side is called the hypotenuse. In non-right triangles, the longest side has no special name.
That would be called a right triangle!
A triangle with 2 equal side lengths is called an isosceles triangle.
A triangle has three sides. The two sides that are perpendicular are called legs and the diagonal side is called the hypotenuse. Whichever side is horizontal (usually one of the legs) is also called the base.
Perpendicular bisector.
The point where the lines which connect one vertex of the triangle and the middle of the opposite side intersect.
No. Angles don't have anything called a side length. However, one can use trigonometry to compute the angles of a triangle based on the side lengths of the triangle (triangles do have side lengths).
circle
If you have only one curved side, you could be a semi-circle or a crescent shape.
If you see something that looks like that, it might be a sector of a circle. But it might not be. One thing's for sure: It's no triangle.