It is a way of presenting data for a set that can be divided into two categories with the aim to make it easier to compare the two subsets. An example could be the weight of boys and girls in a class - where you might want to see if there was an obvious gender difference.
The stem runs down the middle of the diagram, the leaves for one subset (boys) would go on one side of the stem and those for the other subset (girls) would go on the other side.
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A stem-and-leaf plot is a convenient way to organize data using numerical order and place value.
It will usually be on a stem, all by itself, a long way from the nearest stem.
It is called a stem-and-leaf diagram or chart.
Yes
It is not. Different people have different preferences for the way in which they can take in data. I'll take a well designed table over a stem and leaf any day.