It is a characteristic that is being studied which is different for different members of the population. The characteristic need not be numeric and the population need not be people - for example, you could be studying the colour of cars.
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inferential statistics
No it is qualitative
A factor in statistics can be defined as a variable which will affect the results of an experiment. This is mainly an aspect which is independent.
The distribution for a variable is the set of value that the variable can take and the probabilities associated with those value.
It depends on whether fx denotes frequency times variable value or the probability generating function for the variable x.