If you know that one base of a right triangle is 3 units long and the other base is 4 units long, then you can use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of the hypotenuse.
Square both the bases and add them together.
32=9
42=16
9+16=25
Then take the square root of that.
The square root of 25 is five.
So we know that the hypotenuse is 5 units long.
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A theorem is proven. An example is The "Pythagoras Theorem" that proved that for a right angled triangle a2 + b2 = c2
An example is Pythagoras's Theorem: that the sum of the squares of the two shorter side lengths of a triangle with a right-angle is equal to the square of the length of the side opposite the right angle.
It depends on what x is and what information you have. For example, if no side lengths are known, the Pythagorean theorem is not going to be any use!
Norton's theorem is the current equivalent of Thevenin's theorem.
You cannot solve a theorem: you can prove the theorem or you can solve a question based on the remainder theorem.