Maybe it was language, before, BABEL!
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Archimedes?
I believe that the ancient Greeks used them for mathematics!
The ancient Egyptians.
Aryabhatta who invented 0(Zero) changed the world of mathematics
Astronomers and astrologers were the ancient numerical calculators. their intellectual works had major influence and motivation for advances in mathematics. The traditional astrologer community "Ganaka" was the real mathematicians of ancient Kerala. Non European roots of mathematics extends up to them. Their lore was later learned by many other classes.