This are variable introduce into equation as well as to inequality where a surplus variable is introduced.
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Artificial Variables are used to get an initial basic variable from the constraints while preparing the initial basic feasible solution table. Constraints of >= type and = type don't provide any basic variable. So, artificial variable is added arbitrarily to get the basic variable
an independent variable is a thing you can change on your own. a depentent variable is a variable you depend on and a responding variable is a variable that reacts to the experiment
The independent variable. The output variable is dependent on this variable's value and so is called the dependent variable.
The independent variable.
When you do an experiment the variable you control is the independent variable, and the variable you measure is the dependent variable.