Maps covering a large area suffer from "barrel distortion". In the usual layout of maps, East-West distances are compressed near the equator and exaggerated as you move towards the poles.
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Distortion
The surface area pf the Earth is on a sphere, not a flat surface.
Distortion
Two-dimensional maps typically prioritize either area shape or scale, depending on their purpose. Maps that emphasize area shape, such as topographic or political maps, aim to accurately represent the contours and boundaries of geographical features. Conversely, maps that focus on scale, like thematic or statistical maps, may distort shapes to maintain proportional relationships between areas, ensuring that data representation is clear and effective. Ultimately, the choice depends on the map's intended use and the information it seeks to convey.
Distortion
Earth is three-dimensional, but maps are two-dimensional.
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Planar projection
Distortion
The main problem is that the earth is approximately spherical and therefore maps covering large areas suffers from distortions due to projection from 3-D to 2-D.
Two-dimensional maps of Earth have distortions because they attempt to represent a three-dimensional surface (the Earth) on a flat plane. This distortion occurs due to the challenge of converting a curved surface onto a flat surface. Different map projections have different advantages and trade-offs in terms of preserving features like shape, area, distance, or direction.
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