Above the Arctic Circle, locations will experience at least one 24-hour period of sunlight per year as well as at least one 24-hour period with no sunrise at all.
The tilt of the Earth means that when the noon Sun is directly overhead a point above the equator, the North Pole receives 24 hours of sunlight. When the noon Sun is directly overhead a point south of the equator, the North Pole gets no sunlight at all.
The closer a point is to the North Pole, the more days it has per year with either 24 hours of sunlight or 24 hours of night. At the North Pole, there is a 6-month period of constant daylight and a 6-month period with no daylight. (However, it can get somewhat bright during daytime hours in early spring and late fall when the Sun is just slightly below the horizon.)
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High latitudes
Circle and square are two entirely different shapes. But the ratio of areas of square to circle if their perimeter is equal is pi/4.
The earth's polar areas are at ARCTIC to the north and ANTARCTIC to the south of the equator.
They both are areas. Just Kidding. Both of them have to have a height and length.
You can use the formula for the area of a circle to compare (i.e., divide) the areas.