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A measure of the mechanical damping. The logarithmic decrement is measured dynamically using a torsion pendulum, vibrating reed, or some other free vibration instrument, and is calculated from the natural logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of any two oscillations. Its formulation is: where

Ai = amplitude of the ith oscillation

A(i+n) = amplitude of the oscillation n vibrations after the ith oscillation.

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Q: What is logarithmic decrement?
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