It is a function which is usually used with continuous distributions, to give the probability associated with different values of the variable.
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A function cannot be a probability mass function (PMF) if it violates the properties of a PMF. A PMF must assign a non-negative probability to each possible outcome of a discrete random variable, and the sum of probabilities for all possible outcomes must be equal to 1. If a function does not satisfy these properties, it cannot be considered a PMF.
I expect you mean the probability mass function (pmf). Please see the right sidebar in the linked page.
Yes- the highest probability value is the mode. Let me clarify this answer: For a probability mass function for a discrete variables, the mode is the value with the highest probability as shown on the y axis. For a probability density function for continuous variables, the mode is the value with the highest probability density as shown on the y-axis.
None. The full name is the Probability Distribution Function (pdf).
They are the same. The full name is the Probability Distribution Function (pdf).