We first examine the prime factorization of each:
36=2*2*3*3
72=2*2*2*3*3
144=2*2*2*2*3*3
I have bolded all of the factors that they have in common, and the product of those factors is 36.
Another way to look at is to notice that:
36*1=36
36*2=72
36*4=144
And that all of them have 36 as a factor, but this is based more on instinct than method.
tl;dr gcf=36
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