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It's called the diameter.
Velocity.
the diameter
The longest distance across a circle is its diameter and the shortest distance is a minor chord
It is simply called the distance between the two points - simple as that. How that distance is measured will depend on the nature of the surface on which the two points are located as well as on the metric for measuring distance that is defined on that space.The common metric in Euclidean space is the Pythagorean distance while on the surface of a sphere (like the Earth, for example), distances are measured along the great arc.