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I think you're after the magnetic variation. If so :- That is the variation between true north and the earth's magnetic field at your location. Can be + or - and up to a few tens of degrees.

Your compass does not actually point to north, though that is a useful assumption. In reality, the compass needle aligns itself with the direction of the earth's magnetic lines of force at your location. These do not run nicely north and south. Your map will have on it an indication of the magnetic variation in that region, and may include also the amount by which that varies annually.

The earth's magnetic field is generated (most of it anyway) by electrical currents flowing in the magma. These currents may be caused by the core rotating slightly faster than the mantle and crust. [But no one's been there!] The magma and the earths core beneath it are much too hot to sustain a magnetic field.

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14y ago

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Q: What is the compass variation?
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