a straightedge need not have measuring increments (inches, centimeters, etc.) while a ruler is a straightedge with measuring increments
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A ruler is usually graduated so that it can be used to measure lengths. A straight edge is just that: it has no marking to help you measure lengths.
A "straightedge" person was originally someone who didn't do any of the following; * take/use drugs * drink any alcohol * smoke * have sex * eat dairy products * eat meat now-a-days, most kids call themselves straightedge if they don't do the top 3 in the list, and any kids that don't do anything in the list are called "hardcore straight-up straightedge kids" Answer A straightedge is a piece of wood or plastic to help in drawing straight lines. A ruler is a straightedge, but a straightedge may not be a ruler. Both have a straight edge, certainly, but a ruler also has marked gradations for measuring things.
A protractor, a compass, a ruler, and a straightedge
Measuring implies using a measuring device of some kind. If you mean to construct a hexagon without a protractor or ruler, that's different. Constructions in geometry require only a compass and a straightedge (a ruler, but you ignore the numbers). A hexagon can be made of 6 equilateral triangles; choose any length for the side and construct them connected together, using only the compass to set the length and the straightedge to draw straight lines between points.
a ruler measures the distance and a protractor measures the angles