A population survey, better known as a census, entails the collection of each unit in the population. In sample survey information is collected from a subset of the population. The subset, or sample, needs to be selected carefully so that it is representative of the whole population and, if that requirement is met, statistics based on the sample are good estimators for the corresponding population parameters.
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A sample survey is asked of a limited group of people, while a census is conducted in an attempted to get an answer from all people in a geographical area.
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difference between survey and experiment
The population is every data point you intend to generalise the survey results to. The sample frame is those data points that you can pick from for the survey. The sample is which of these data points you actually survey, and the sample size is how many of those data points there are. For instance, if you have 700 students in a school, and you have access to 300 of them, and decide to give 30 of them a survey, the sample size is 30.
The population is a group of interest, such as the people who filled out a recent survey about their age. The parameter is the descriptive measure of that population. So in this example, a parameter could be the average age of the people who filled out the survey.