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Quantitative properties are properties that have a lot of quantity (a lot of the item), but not too much quality to it, while a qualitative property is a property that has more about the quality, and not so much the quantity.
A qualitative datum is one that is expressed as some quality/property of a particular entity, rather than a numerical value. Conversely, a quantitative datum is one that is expressed as a quantity (or number), as opposed to a quality of a particular entity. Hence, qualitative and quantitative data are essentially opposite data types.
Qualitative is something that you cannot count or assign a number to. One example of qualitative would be if you have two types of paint, gloss or matte, and you wanted to know which dried faster. Gloss and matte have no number value and are then considered quantitative. Another qualitative value could be color. From personal experience I know that our white pigment causes resins to set a lot slower than solid colors such as blue and red. I don't know a whole lot about paint, but I'm pretty sure if you wanted to make the qualitative property quantitative you would find some quantifiable properties that are specific to gloss or matte paint, like chemical compositions or viscosity.
Any property of an object that can be measured and given a numerical value. A girls weight and height are quantitative properties. But her good looks is not a quantitative property, even though people try like "on a scale from 1 to 10. Its still not measurable.
You mean quantitative observation, which is observing a measureable value (quantity) of something, for example temperature, voltage, velocity etc. Another form of observation is qualitative observation, which means observing a property of something without measuring a value for it, for example the air might be clear or foggy.