What is the effect of philosophy of science?

Answer 1

The validity of the scientific method presupposes certain philosophic principles which may or may not be accepted by certain schools of philosophy. These principles include

(1) The principle of existence: there is a real world which exists independently of our perception of it

{2) The principle of identity: A thing is what it is and not something else

(3) The principle of causality: The actions possible to an entity are determined by the nature of that entity

(4) The principle of consciousness: We can perceive the real world and gain knowledge of it.

This is not an exhaustive list and implies others principles. For example, the principle of consciousness implies the principle of free will. For if we are not free to validate our knowledge, then what we have cannot be claimed as knowledge.