on any ray,there is exactly one point at a given distance from the endpoint of the ray
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Both state that the whole is equal to the sum of the component parts.
Euclid's second postulate allows that line segment to be extended farther in that same direction, so that it can reach any required distance. This could result in an infinitely long line.
Euclid's first four postulates are:A straight line segment can be drawn joining any two points.Any straight line segment can be extended indefinitely in a straight line.Given any straight line segment, a circle can be drawn havibg the segment as radius and one endpoint as centre.All right angles are congruent. He also had the fifth postulate, equivalent to the parallel postulate. There are various equivalent versions.If two lines are drawn which intersect a third in such a way that the sum of the inner angles on one side is less than two right angles, then the two lines inevitably must intersect each other on that side, if extended far enough.The fifth postulate cannot be proven and, in fact, it is now known that it cannot be proven and that there are many internally-consistent geometries in which the negations of this postulate are true.
A line segment that has been cut exactly in half
Segment bisector