Express the numbers in prime factorisation in power form:
12 = 22 x 31
27 = 33
For gcf multiply together the lowest power of the common primes:
gcf of 12 and 27 = 31 = 3
For LCM multiply together the highest power of all the primes (across the numbers):
LCM of 12 and 27 = 22 x 33 = 108
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