It is called factorial, and means to multiply all the numbers up to the specified integer. For example, 5! (read: 5 factorial) is equal to 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120. This special operation is often used in combinatorics, statistics, probability. it also appears in calculus.
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Of all the things that an exclamation mark can convey, uncertainty would not be one of them. You may use a question mark to convey uncertainty within or outside of a parenthetical.
The exclamation mark almost always indicates factorial, i.e. n! = 1*2*3*...*n. Therefore 4! would be 1*2*3*4 = 24. Additionally, the exclamation mark can indicate negation, e.g. in computer programming and logic.
In mathematics, the exclamation mark is often used to represent the factorial of a number. The factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted as n!, is the product of all positive integers up to n. For example, 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120. The exclamation mark is also used in some mathematical notations to indicate a specific operation or property, such as the subfactorial function.
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