formaldehyde is a trigonal planar with non-ideal H-C-H bond angle, that looks something like this:
H
\
C=O
/
H
where / and \ are single bonds and = is a double bond
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The shape of this molecule is Trigonal Planar. this is because it has no lone pairs of electrons so it maintains a 2D shape.
linear
Molecular geometry is the distances and angles between the each of the different atoms in the molecule. It is essentially the shape of the molecule.Molecular structure includes the shape of the molecule, but also much more, such as its electronic structure. This includes the nature of the bonding in the molecule (such as where there are single, double or triple bonds), the polarity of the molecule (if the electrons are spread out evenly throughout the molecule or if they are concentrated in particular areas, and if so, what areas), etc.
Methane has a tetrahedral molecular geometry. It has 4 bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pairs.
Water is not a linear molecule because of the location of oxygen's electron orbits. The bonding electrons are angled and this results in the shape of the molecule.