Each number is 4 times larger than the one that precedes it. This becomes obvious once we convert all four numbers to fractions with the denominator of 16:
3/16
12/16 = 3/4
48/16 = 3
192/16 = 12
12/16 is 4 times 3/16
48/16 is 4 times 12/16
192/16 is 4 times 48/16
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The two fractions are both equivalent to each other.
Three eighths is the same as six sixteenths - half of six sixteenths is three sixteenths
seven sixteenths
Three sixteenths
Instead of "a half", write "eight sixteenths". That doesn't change the value of any numbers, but it makes it a lot easier to subtract the three sixteenths from the eight sixteenths.