Approximately 2*pi*sqrt(l/g) where
l is the length of the pendulum (in metres) and g = 9.8 ms-2, the acceleration due to gravity.
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Yes. Given a constant for gravity, the period of the pendulum is a function of it's length to the center of mass. In a higher gravity, the period would be shorter for the same length of pendulum.
Hardly at all, at small displacements or amplitudes. At larger displacements (larger angles), the period will get somewhat longer.
A longer pendulum has a longer period.
Height does not affect the period of a pendulum.
The period of a pendulum is affected by the angle created by the swing of the pendulum, the length of the attachment to the mass, and the weight of the mass on the end of the pendulum.