There is no phase shift.
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Shift = +2
d/dx (cot x) = -csc2x
8 phase shift keying is a complex form of digital modulation by altering a sine wave and a cosine wave: shifting their phase. The best explanations I have found so far can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying and http://www.sss-mag.com/pdf/1modulation.pdf But they all explain the more simpler forms of phase shift keying: Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and they don't say much about 8PSK unfortunately. However this might still give you an idea. Good luck, I will keep searching myself. Karen von Hünerbein
The graph of y = A sin (Bx + C) is obtained by horizontally shifting the graph of y = A sin Bx, where 1) Amplitude = |A|, the maximum of y is A, if A > 0 and -(-A) if A < 0 The minimum of y is -A if A > 0 and A if A < 0 2) Period = (2pi)/B 3)Phase shift = C/B So that the starting point of the cycle is shifted from x = 0 to x = C/B. If C/B > 0 the shift is to the right. If C/B < 0 the shift is to the left.
Assuming you mean that the pi is not within the sin(2pi), its a vertical shift of +pi