There are many practical applications. here's one: On my farm, I often need to uproot trees and stumps. If I hook a chain to my tractor and a tree/stump and try to drive away, the force holding the tree in place overcomes the force holding my tractor tires to the ground, and the tires slip. So I hook the chain to the tree I want to remove, and (tautly) to a larger one nearby instead of to my tractor. I then hook a second chain to the middle of that chain, and the other end of the second chain to the tractor. I then drive the tractor away perpendicularly to the first chain. I am in essence adding (a portion of) the force holding the larger tree in place, to the force being applied to the tree I want to yank free. Put another way, I am creating more pulling force on the stump to be yanked, with the same motive force limit on the tractor (the point at which the tractor slips.) Do NOT try this without experience, because of the risk of chain snapping and taking your fool head off. I haven't bothered to describe my safety procedures ( among other things I tie the chain off at several crucial points so that if it snaps it can't reach me or my equipment) because those procedures aren't pertinent to the question.
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" If a number of forces acting at a point be represented in magnitude ad direction by the sides of a polygon in order, then the resultant of all these forces may be represented in magnitude and direction by the closing side of the polygon taken in opposite order "
if several COPLANAR FORCES are acting at a point simultaneously such that each one of them can be represented in direction and magnitude by a side of a polygon, taken in order, then the resultant is given by the closing side in the reverse order
If it yields a practical result, it's a fomula, such as Newton's Law of Gravity, or the period of a pendulum. NLOG: f = (k.m1.m2)/d2 gives the gravitational attraction between two masses. If it yields a pure number, with no actual dimensions or practical application, it's an equation or an identity. y = x2 + 2x + 1 tells us that, for x = 1, y = 4, but we get no real-world usefulness.
Pascal's law (pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations (initial differences) remain the same)... and one common application would be a hydraulic lift (such as those used in garages to raise cars off the ground for inspection).
Newton's law of universal gravitation is a math formula ... F = G m1m2/d2 Lots of other science theorys can be expressed as math formulas. So math helps explain exactly what the law or theory means. Engineering uses math to help design many things in use. Ohms law, V = IR, helps design many electrical circuits. The law itself is science, but the application of that law to design and build electrical equipment is engineering.