(Don't forget to balance it)
The precipitate here has to be 2NaCl, as Ca(CO3)2 technically dissolves.
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Marble, CaCO3 will not usually scratch glass, but maybe a very soft glass. Marble has a hardness of 3 to 4, whereas glass is 4.5 to 6. (in a relative hardness scale.)
Limestone/chalk. Limestone has been subjected to heat and/or pressure, it metamorposes into marble. Both limestone and marble are calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Its just that the internal physical structure of limestone is altered.